Nowadays most of thecountries areforcing the motor riders to wear the helmet and not to use thevehicles whenthe person is in drunken condition. But still the rules are beingviolated bythe users. In order to overcome this we introduces an intelligentsystem, SmartHelmet, which automatically checks whether the person is wearingthe helmet andhas non- alcoholic breath while driving. Here we have atransmitter at thehelmet and the receiver at the bike. There is a switch usedto sure the wearingof helmet on the head. The ON condition of the switchensures the placing ofthe helmet in proper manner. An alcohol sensor is placednear to the mouth ofthe driver in the helmet to detect the presence of alcohol.The data to betransferred is coded with RF encoder and transmitted throughradio frequencytransmitter. The receiver at the bike receives the data anddecodes it throughRF decoder. The engine should not ON if any of the twoconditions is violated.MCU controls the function of relay and thus theignition, it control the enginethrough a relay and a relay interfacing circuit.

Time isprecious. Life isprecious. Here is a project, for both time and life when theyare precious. Themain aim of this project is develop an intelligent ambulance whichwill reachthe hospital without any problem in heavy traffics.This particularproject isdesigned for the cities with heavy traffic .Eg: In Bhubaneswar theroads arefull jammed every time. Most of the time the traffic will be at leastfor100meters .In this distance the traffic police can’t hear the siren formtheambulance .so he ignores this .Then the ambulance has to wait till thetrafficis left. Some times to leave the traffic it takes at least 10 minutes.So bythis time anything can happen to the patient .So this project avoidthesedisadvantages. According to this project if any ambulance comes near toanytraffic post the traffic signals automatically controlled by that ambulancebyusing a RF remote.

This project is designedto operateelectrical loads using any Bluetooth enabled device.  The systemoperateselectrical loads depending on the data transmitted from the Androidapplicationdevice. Operating conventional wall switches is difficult forelderly orphysically handicapped people. This proposed system solves theproblem byintegrating house hold appliances to a control unit that can be operatedby asmart-phone/Tablet etc. Remote operation is achieved by anysmart-phone/Tabletetc., with any OS. The program on the microcontrollerserially communicateswith Bluetooth device to generate respective output basedon the input data(from mobile keyboard) to operate a set of relays through arelay driver IC.The loads are interfaced to the control unit through the relays.

Inthis model we are showing detection of cracks of railwaytracks in the structureusing fiber optics. If these deficiencies are notcontrolled at early stagesthey might lead to a number of derailments resultingin a heavy loss of life andproperty. In this paper, the proposed broken raildetection system automaticallydetects the faulty rail track without any humanintervention. There are manyadvantages with the proposed system when comparedwith the traditional detectiontechniques. The advantages include less cost,low power consumption and lessanalysis time. By this proposed system the exactlocation of the faulty railtrack can easily be located which will mendedimmediately so that many lives canbe saved.

Apparatusrequired

1.     Fiber optics cable

2.   Some wood sticks

3.   Toy train

4.   Speaker

5.    IR transmitter, receiverand IRsensor

6.   9v battery

7.    Ply board

8.   Some toy cars for decoration

9.   LED

Railwayshave provided a very good transportationfacility for the commuters since morethan 100 years in India and it has reachedto each and every part of thecountry. Railways pollute environment, as they donot have a system to collectthe sewage generated by the passengers as well asthe outsiders using it whenit is at halt by proving close water closet with aproper system.Discharging fresh faecal matter to the open atmosphere,either when the trainis in motion or it is not in motion. If it is in motionthe faecal matterexcreted by the passenger is flushed from the train, whichwhen comes out ofthe pan of the running train, gets fragmented in to smallestparticles and willmix in the open atmosphere contributing to air pollution andbecomes injuriousto human, plant or animal life or to the property or whichunreasonablyinterferes with the comfortable enjoyment of life & property.The systemconsists of a specially designed tank with two hoses connected to thelavatorychute as inlet from two adjacent toilets through which excreta andurine arecollected. There is a single outlet with open/close mechanism throughwhichwaste is disposed. Such tanks could be fitted to all toilets in trains.Thetank’s outlet will be in closed position and opens only at particularplacesautomatically. These tanks will be opened after reaching speciallyconstructeddrainage pits under the tracks, where discharge of waste and waterwill takeplace. These pits should be built in selected places far away fromhumaninhabitation at least 100 km to 150 km apart. This type of toiletry systemismaintenance-free, cost effective and easy to implement.

Biogas production

Biogas typically refers toa mixture of differentgases produced by the breakdown of organic matter intheabsence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced fromhuman feces, cow tumb, asagricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plantmaterial, sewage, greenwaste or food waste.

Cleanair is considered to bea basic requirement of human health and for thewell-being. air pollution hasimplications in a number of contemporary issuesincluding: human health, (e.g.respiratory, cancer, allergies.), ecosystems(e.g. crop yields, loss ofbiodiversity), national heritage (e.g. buildings). Theseair pollutant causeproblem to human health when at breathing its concentrationis increase topermissible value. If we can make a device which can reduce theconcentration ofthis pollutant at a certain zone like at – trafficintersection where vehiclestop and emit high smoke.this is a device which has oneexhaust fan with outerbody,it can inhale all smoke nearby to it and treat as ahuman nose system wherehair are entrap the particulate matter and then airflow through oneprecipitator device which settle remaining dust andparticulate matter particleand for further treating with an absorber materialwhich can absorb pollutantgases and give clean air.

The project is designed to develop anautomatic irrigation system which switches the pump motor ON/OFF on sensing themoisture content of the soil. In the field of agriculture, use of proper methodof irrigation is important. The advantage of using this method is to reducehuman intervention and still ensure proper irrigation. The main advantage ofthe project is it is based on renewal energy that is solar power based.

          Theproject uses a transistor to on/off the motor, which is designed to receive theinput signal of varying moisture condition of the soil through the sensingarrangement. This is achieved by using an op-amp as comparator which acts asinterface between the sensing arrangement and the controller. The circuitmeasures the resistance of the soil between the probes. The size and shapedoesn't matter so much for a rough reading, so spikes or plates will work. Ifyou want to try and calculate the resistivity of the soil, then two squareplates would probably be best. Once the controller receives this signal, itgenerates an output that drives a relay for operating the water pump.

The project is designed to savewastage electricity of street lights. This model  detect vehicle movement on highways to switchON only a block of street lights ahead of it (vehicle), and to switch OFF thetrailing lights to save energy. During night all the lights on the highwayremain ON for the vehicles, but lots of energy is wasted when there is novehicle movement. This proposed system provides a solution for energy saving.This is achieved by sensing an approaching vehicle and then switches ON a blockof street lights ahead of the vehicle. As the vehicle passes by, the trailinglights switch OFF automatically. Thus, we save a lot of energy. So when thereare no vehicles on the highway, then all the lights remain OFF. And this isalso working on SOLAR POWER.

During summernights, the tempis initially quite high. As time passes, the temp startsdropping. Thus,initially the fan or cooler needs to be run at full speed.Also, after a personfalls asleep, one has to get up again and again to adjustthe speed of the fanor cooler. This project is presented here control thespeed of the fanautomatically with the room temp variation.In this circuit, the temperaturesensorused is a thermistor and it is designed as a voltage divider. Theoutputvoltage is directly proportional to the room temp. The output voltageofthermistor has given to a dc MOTOR through an op-amp based PWM. PWM varieswith variation of temp. Thus DC motor speed varies with temp.

Thisproject titled “Automatic Visitor counter with room controller” is designed andpresented in order to count the visitors of an auditorium, hall, offices,malls, sports venue, etc. The system counts both the entering and exitingvisitor of the auditorium or hall or other place, where it is placed. Dependingupon the interrupt from the sensors, the system identifies the entry and exitof the visitor. This system can be economically implemented in all the placeswhere the visitors have to be counted and controlled. Since counting thevisitors helps to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of employees, floorarea and sales potential of an organization, etc. And anotherproblem is when we enter our room in darkness, we find difficult to locate thewall- mounted switchboard to switch “ON” the light. For a stranger, it istougher still as he has no knowledge of the correct switch to turn “ON”. Hereis a reliable project/circuit that takes over the task of switching “ON” andswitching “OFF” the light automatically when somebody enters or leaves theroom.

The Indian Railway is the mostwidely covering communication means in Indian environment.  The railway track runs throughout the Indiancity and village.  There are millions oflevel crossings gates set up at the side railway track. The level crossing gates,which are located mostly at the city location they are managed manually, whereas there are many level crossings at the country side, which are not attendeddue to man power problem. In this project an effort is made to automate thelevel crossing gates. The controller will sense the arrival of the train andstarts alarming and after a while the gate starts closing. Once the trainthoroughly covers the level crossing zone the gate reopens. The objective ofthe project is to automate the level crossing gates at the countryside to avoidaccident at the railway level crossing. And the objective of the project is toautomate the level crossing gates at the countryside to avoid accident at therailway level crossing.

An automatic pay toilet is a public toilet that requires money payment of any individual to use. It maybe street furniture or be inside abuilding, e.g. a mall, department store, railway station, restaurant, etc. The reason for charging money forusing toilets usually is for the maintenance of the equipment. This model workswith-out man power. Whenever someone wants to use this toilet, first he willinsert a 1 rupee coin at the marked place, when light is Green. After that thedoor will open and close automatically for sometimes to enter into the toilet.And light changes green to red until that person came out. After use, thatperson can come outside by pressing an EXIT switch. When that switch pressed,automatically gate works and this system PLUSH the toilets by using a dc pump.And light changes red to green. During RED, coin box is not working that time.

In this project work, we attempt to construct asmall and simple model of and Automatic Gate System, which uses a simple motoroperated gate, which uses for car power window and circuitry to move the gate.The system is designed with twolight sensor, timer circuits and motor. The entire system is automated by interfacing light sensor,microcontroller and DC motors. The basic objective of such system is to controlthe main door of the showroom or home etc.

The security system is one of the majorfocus areas in the present social and industrial environment.  In the industries society security system isone of the important part. The growth and economy all depends on this.  The traditional security system is not at allfull proof and also very much expensive. The LPG sensor is used to detect theLPG leakage detection in the room. This type of security system is quite usefulin the small office, home, industries the different sensors can be implementedto make the system more versatile. Here is a gas sensor,which output is connected to the motor and buzzer through a voltage comparator.Whenever LPG leakages, this sensor senses automatically and gives a signal tothe buzzer and motor to start and motor rotates until gas exhausted from theroom.

With thecoming of the Industrial Revolution, humans were able to advance further intothe 21st century. Technology developed rapidly, science became advanced and themanufacturing age came into view. With all of these came one more effect,industrial pollution. Early industries were small factories that produced smokeas the main pollutant. However, since the number offactories were limited and worked only a certain number of hours a day, thelevels of pollution did not grow significantly. But when these factories becamefull scale industries and manufacturing units, the issue of industrialpollution started to take on more importance. Here we have designed a modelwhere the pollution control board can get information about such industries,those are polluting environment by water and air both. Here we have installedoptical sensors at the exhaust pipe of the smoke and water of each industry.Whenever any industry deliver polluted water to the river or polluted smoke tothe environment, these sensors are suddenly detects it and send a wireless notificationto the pollution control board as its name and area. After that the controlboard can take necessity steps towards it.

Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production ofelectrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling orflowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy. The major advantageof hydroelectricity is elimination of the cost of fuel. The cost of operating ahydroelectric plant is nearly immune to increases in the cost of fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas or coal, and no imports are needed.

Cranes with electromagnetic lift are also known as electromagneticcranes. Such cranes are used widely in lifting and moving scrap metals. Even ina production line of many products, electromagnetic lifts are used to lift andmove metal objects. Electromagnets have special simplicity and many advantagesto other lifting tools. They are faster and easier to work with.In this project you will make a working model of anelectromagnetic lift and an electromagnetic crane.

TheEarth quack alarm is a very useful instrument to detect the Earthquake and savelife and wealth. The detector provides alarm before the real earth quack tookplace so there is few seconds available for saving life. A few second at thetime of such natural disaster is quit considerable and important in view ofsafety.  The earth quack detectors arevery much useful in the suburban and villages. Villagers are not much aware of the symptoms of earth quack so theynormally get confused on the sensation. One very important advantage of the Quake Alarm is that it can wake you upand alert you the moment the quake starts so that you can immediately takecover or tend to other family members. The human mind relies upon thesensations from the inner ear combined with the sense of sight to determine thesensation of motion the body is undergoing at the time that an earthquakestarts. Disorientation, known as vertigo, can cause people to become confusedand instinctively freeze for many seconds during the onset of an earthquake.Sound also plays a part in earthquake detection and by itself can bemisleading. The sound of a slamming garage door or the low rumble of a largetruck has startled many people into falsely thinking that they are about toexperience an earthquake. The QuakeAlarm can eliminate confusion, save valuable seconds and provide peaceof mind.

The automotiveare the present generation is highly sophisticated and equipped with manyelectronic systems to control and protect the Auto. The recent cars in themarket equipped with systems such as alight bag protection, anti-skidprotection, automatic wiper control, central locking system etc. These systemsare electronic systems which are installed in the vehicles specifically highend four wheelers. These equipment are working on thebasis of feedback from the sensors installed in the vehicles. There is acentral processor which is interfaced with different kinds of sensor andreceives the signal and processes it. The controller issue signal to differentcontrol units to act accordingly.

          Inthis project we are using LIGHT transmitter sensors at the school college areain the both side of the gate and receivers in the vehicles. When the vehiclesenter in the school area the LIGHT receiver sensor will activate and give asignal to the buzzer for an alarming sound as a result the driver will alertand drive the vehicle in a normal speed.

The natural disasters such as Earth quack,Cyclone, Floods and over temp etc. are the threats to the society and humanlife. The disaster monitoring system is a very useful system to detect thenatural calamities before it attack severely to the residential area   and save life and wealth. The detectorprovides alarm before the real disaster come to the location to destroy thesocial lives so there is few seconds/ minutes available for saving life andthose few seconds/ minutes  are veryimportant to safe guard lives and wealth. A few second/ minutes at the time ofsuch natural disaster is quit considerable and important in view ofsafety.  One very important advantage ofthe Disaster Monitoring System is that it can wake you up and alert peoplethe moment the disaster or natural calamities starts so that people canimmediately take cover or tend to other family members.

Apparatusrequired

1.     Thermistor

2.   Piezo sensor

3.   Dynamo and propeller

4.   Lm 393 and 324 ic

5.    At89c2051 microcontroller

6.   Buzzer

7.    Led

8.   9v Battery and snap

9.   plywood

This model shows physical methods intreating the wash water collected from automobile service stations. Wash waterwas characterized for different parameters such as pH, turbidity, conductivity,total solids, oil and grease, COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biologicaloxygen demand), chlorides, sulphate and total hardness. For chemical treatment,alum was used and locally available natural materials such as saw dust andsugarcane bagasse were used for physical treatment. Alum at different concentrationswas agitated with the effluent for a prescribed contact period which led to theformation of flocs. The filtered samples were tested for COD and oil &grease.

Filteringprocess

1.     Screening

2.   Oilskimming

3.    Coagulationand flocculation

4.   Cartridgefilter

5.    Storage

Primary filtering process (Screening) -

At themouth of the intake pipe there are a series of screens whose purpose is toprevent suspended particles from entering the system and finding their way intothe pumps. This is the first stage of treatment. The water then enters a tankcalled a sump from where it is pumped to the next stage of treatment known asclarification.

Oil skimming

An oil skimmer isa machine that separates a liquid from particles floatingon it or from another liquid. A common application isremoving oil floating on water. These technologies are commonlyused for oil spill remediation but are also commonly found inindustrial applications such as removing oil from machine tool coolant andremoving oil from aqueous parts washers.

Coagulation and Flocculation -Theclarification process which mainly removes second category of particlesinvolves two main processes – Coagulation and Flocculation. A chemical known asa coagulant such as Aluminium Sulphate (or Alum) is mixed in the water. TheAlum distorts the properties of the suspended particles that prevent them fromsettling and causes them to come together (coagulate) to form larger particlescalled flocs through the flocculation process. As the flocs become bigger andheavier they begin to settle to the bottom of the clarifier from where they areremoved. Water leaving the clarification stage is clear but not yet safe fordrinking because the addition of alum leaves it slightly acidic and still containsmicro – organisms.

Cartridge filtering process

The ‘dirty’ water is pouredinto the top of a tank which contains layers of sand, charcoal and gravel. Asthe water sinks through the various layers the bacteria and dirt are removed.The clean water flows through a hose/pipe into a ‘clean’ water storage tank.The water is now ready to use again in service station

Apparatus required

1.     DCgear motor – 2

2.   Disc-1

3.   Plastic container-5

4.   DC pump – 1 and pipes

5.    Propeller

Many times ithappens in restaurants, malls and specifically at home while brushing teeth weforget to switch off the tap which leads to wastage of water. The circuitdescribed here will automatically switch on the tap water when you put yourhand below the tap outlet and off the same after some time. This will lead toless wastage of water. This infrared-basedsystem detects any interruption of the IR rays by your hands or utensil andwater automatically starts flowing out of the tap.

Thissimple, economical and versatile ckt switches on the motor pump when water inthe overhead tank falls below the lowest level and turns it “off” the tank isfull. The water level controller circuit is built around IC555 to monitor thewater level in the overhead tank and “ON/OFF” status of the motor through theinverter and driver Ckts. The transistor switch circuit monitors the flow ofwater and rises on alarm if the pump runs dry. The set-up for the water levelsensing electrodes is as shown in Fig Electrodes are suspended into the tank such that they don’t touch eachother. Point B, L & U of the water level controller Ckt.Are connected tothe respective points of the sensor electrodes assembly.

A yard light controller is one of such homeautomation device. The device automates the lights connected in the yard i.e, outsideand around the house. This put on the light and the dusk and put off the lightin the morning. This product saves energy and also carries out routine workwithout any attention. This device can be used for home automation, glowsignboards, Kayos etc.

Design principle of Street light controller

Thesedevice works on the principle of light dependent resistor. The LDR - lightdependent resistance is a semiconductor material which is used as a detectorfor light intensity. The LDR is connected as a voltage divider with a variableresistance. Once the LDR is exposed to light, then the resistance of the LDRchanges as per the intensity of light. The voltage developed by the dividernetwork (correspond the light intensity sensed at the sensor.)is feed to acomparator where it compared with reference voltage (correspond  the limiting value of the light intensity).Ifthe sensed light intensity is less than the set value intensity then the yardlight is switched on else the yard light is switched off.

A wastecontainer is a container for temporarily storing waste, andis usually made out of metal or plastic. Some common termsare dustbin, garbage can, trash can and dumpster.But we have made it smart using AADHAR link AND MOBILE PHONE USING GSMTECHNOLOGY.

Design

 Following the principles set by our PM we gotan idea to have DIGITAL DUSTBIN .Here people are contributing to the society bycleaning and dumping the waste and in return person will be benefitted bygetting ‘SWACH BHARAT POINTS’. And according to their points the users will beawarded with some. For example user dump the wastage like mineral water bottle,cold drink can, plastic packets which can be sense by our smart dustbin.Railway gifted according to number of points like ‘In your next journey you’dget a pass to sit in the neat and clean area (1st class waiting room)’ etc. Anda notification will get through his/her registered mobile at aadhar.

People can share their SWACH BHARAT POINTS in social networking sites also .Wemay use this points as sign of good habits- making the rest of our citizensthink positively the essence of Clean India Mission .Moreover we can create anenvironment where kids and students search for dust and garbage to use DIGITALDUSTBIN the thereby increasing their points and feel proud of themselves forcleaning their country.
It is indeed a great move towards DIGITAL INDIA mission. DIGITAL DUSTBIN is oneof the finest examples of IOT (internet of things) as any person can use thisDUSTBIN and then their points will be increased in online database (cloud)accessible from anywhere from the world. We use the existing system like UID (AAdhaarCard) to extract the user information. Finally we can declare firmly that inour country the stuff like DUSTBIN can also be connected to the internet andthis is why our Digital Dustbin is singular and can transcend the expectations.Let’s embrace the digital India and get hold of it to help the people as andwhen required.

Apparatus required

1. Microcontroller (89c2051)

2. lm 393 voltage comparator

3. led and ldr

4. LCD

5. Mobile phone

6. Buzzer

7. Plastic container

8. ply wood and cardboard

Working

Todetecting wastage in dustbin and finger scanning we have used a pair of lighttransmitter and receiver. Led used as a transmitter and LDR (light dependentresistor) used as a light receiver. LDR is connected as such a way thatgenerates a voltage which directly proportional to the light falling onit.  And both the light receivers areconnected to the microcontroller through voltage comparators. Voltagecomparators are used here to convert the data from analog signal to logic form(1/0). Normally the output shows 1 and when blocks the light by throwingwastage it becomes 0 and the finger scanner also works same.

First, microcontroller checks the output of dustbin sensor,if that output becomes 0, then microcontroller confirm someone has thrownwastage into the dustbin then, it displays for finger scanning and wait for 5seconds if someone scan his finger it identify his name and shows on LCD andalso text a THANKS message as a sms to his personal mobile phone. To sendingsms we have used a mobile phone and that is operated by the microcontrollerthrough a switching circuit. After messaging microcontroller checks the dustbinsensor output, and if that gives continuously 0 then, it confirms that thedustbin is full now. Then it suddenly chooses the dustbin full message inmobile phone and sends it to the municipality office with dustbin number.